How does a nation mix old Islamic values with new laws? The UAE judicial system is unique in the Middle East. It combines Sharia law with modern rules.
The UAE was ranked first in the MENA region in 2022. This shows its strong commitment to justice and fairness.
The UAE Judicial System: Foundation and Constitutional Basis
The UAE judicial system is built on the UAE Constitution. This important document has 152 articles. It sets the rules for legal principles and rights in the country.
Since 1971, the UAE has worked to make its laws fair and clear.
Constitutional Guarantees and Legal Principles
The UAE Constitution ensures justice and equality for everyone. It protects the rights of citizens and non-citizens. It also stops discrimination based on where you’re from or your social status.
The rule of law is very important. The Constitution protects our civil liberties. This includes freedom of movement, speech, and religion.
Role of Islamic Sharia in UAE Law
Islamic Sharia is a big part of the UAE’s laws. Since Islam is the official religion, it affects many laws. The Constitution says Sharia is a key source of laws.
This makes sure laws fit with the UAE’s culture. It also keeps up with today’s needs.
Fundamental Rights and Legal Protection
The UAE Constitution gives strong protection for our rights. It ensures we have personal freedom and doesn’t allow torture. It also says we’re innocent until proven guilty.
The courts make sure we get a fair trial. They also make sure we have a lawyer. These rules help make a society that values human dignity and freedom.
| Constitutional Guarantee | Description |
|---|---|
| Equality | All individuals equal under law, no discrimination |
| Personal Freedom | Guaranteed, no torture or degrading treatment |
| Legal Rights | Presumption of innocence, fair trial guaranteed |
| Education | Mandatory at primary stage, free at all levels |
| Healthcare | Medical care promoted, public and private facilities |
Structure and Hierarchy of Federal and Local Courts
The UAE has a three-tiered court system. It mixes federal and local courts. This helps handle legal issues in the seven emirates well.
Federal Supreme Court and Its Jurisdiction
The Federal Supreme Court is at the top. It has five judges chosen by the President. They deal with big cases and important laws.
This court is the last stop for appeals. It helps make laws in the UAE.
Courts of First Instance
The Courts of First Instance are the base. They handle many types of cases. These include civil, commercial, and personal status lawsuits.
They have two types: minor and major circuits. Minor circuits have one judge for claims under AED 500,000. Major circuits have three judges for bigger claims.
Workers don’t pay fees in labor courts for claims under AED 100,000.
Courts of Appeal
The Courts of Appeal give a second chance. You can appeal within 30 days, or 10 days for urgent cases. They have three judges.
They can agree with, change, or reverse lower court decisions. The Criminal Circuit in Abu Dhabi handles federal cases.
Courts of Cassation
The Court of Cassation is the highest court. It looks at appeals on law points within 60 days. It makes sure laws are the same everywhere in the UAE.
Local Judicial Departments
Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Ras Al Khaimah have their own courts. These courts follow the federal system but have their own laws. This lets them tailor justice to their needs.
But, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al-Quwain, and Fujairah follow the federal court system. This keeps the laws consistent across the UAE.
